Blockchain – The decentralization Science was long awaiting

It may seem like I am getting on the Blockchain wagon like the many 100’s we see daily. Really though, this idea was brewing long before rising bitcoin values attracted eyes to Blockchain technology. In fact, many other contexts aside, decentralized knowledge creation is one of the more natural inheritors of Blockchain. Before I make the argument though, I would like to point that there are many things that can be better implemented in the current journal publishing paradigm. Keep in mind that in this article, I will only address the aspect of Scientific validation.

To discover how blockchain fits as a solution for Science validation, we must first understand the characteristics of both. As far as decentralizing the review process goes ideally, we would imagine a network of academics who contribute directly into a paper pool. This paper based on expertise is sorted and sent to relevant academics on the network followed subsequently by the reviewer appending comments to the paper. These appends would be temporary and be sent to all reviewers again and based on a consensus of some sort, would get accepted as a valid alteration.
This system has the following attributes:

Ø  It is decentralized – There is no central authority regulating the process
Ø  As a corollary, the power is distributed
Ø  It is immutable – all changes made to knowledge leaves a trail and old knowledge is preserved
Ø  The process is transparent – we can see all information fed into the network, the changes it undergoes and its travel through this network


Now examining a blockchain. It is simply a chain of blocks. Here, for quick understanding we could think of blocks as databases of information but a bit more than that. It is an actionable database that stores information, processes it, and based on constraints provides an output. In bitcoin it mines, stores and exchanges bitcoins which is the virtual currency. So how does this relate to science validation? Forget the bitcoins and focus just on the blockchain. It is a distributed, decentralized, immutable and transparent system. Heard these attributes before? Yes. It seems to superimpose well with our requirements for science review processes. For an easy to understand breakdown of the properties of a blockchain, check out the following video: 


There are of course some issues adopting such a decentralized system. As knowledge created is immutable, it leads to LARGE vats of information that are required to be stored. So, who exactly is going to provide the server infrastructure to support such a system? With the current process of publishing, there is certain degree of value provided to the author, both monetarily and through establishment of identity. In a decentralized system, the content takes the center stage and so author incentives appear to dilute. So, what incentives can a decentralized system like this offer a knowledge contributor? There are many such questions. Just like any paradigm shift, these are solvable with a hard-enough push. To have a look at other possible implications of Blockchain in knowledge creation and validation, check out this presentation!

(citation: https://doi.org/10.5446/31025) 

The proposal:
I suggest the creation of Science Ledger inspired by Blockchain that is shared by academics on a decentralized review network. The proposed ledger stores information, records and approves the changes made through network consensus.


I would like to conclude by saying that while efforts through certain initiatives like Blockchain for Science and efforts by my peers and I exist, this is a transition that needs to be shouldered by many in the academic community. Those that are intrigued by the idea and would like to put in some voluntary work into helping us realize this are welcome to write to me at:

sathyasaisanjay[at]gmail.com  


-Sanjay Narayanaswamy

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